| Anesthesia for the Non-Anesthesiologist Debra Pulley, M.D.. Washington University in St.Louis |
Abstract
Anesthesiology is a branch of medicine relating to the delivery of a reversible state of anesthesia so a patient can safely undergo an operation or procedure. Types of anesthetics include general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, and sedation with monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Anesthetic drugs include intravenous sedatives/hypnotics and inhaled volatile anesthetics. Other drugs are also given to provide analgesia, muscle relaxation, and hemodynamic support as needed. Throughout the anesthetic, the patient is monitored, and interventions are made to keep physiologic homeostasis (e.g., hemodynamic stability, oxygenation, ventilation, and temperature). Anesthesia clinicians include anesthesiologists (physicians), certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA), and certified anesthesiologist assistants (CAA). Perioperative outcomes are related to patient risk factors, surgical risk factors, and anesthetic risk factors. Key to improving outcomes is optimization prior to surgery, postoperative monitoring with early intervention before major morbidity or mortality occurs, and effective communication between all providers.
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